Hardness, Permanent Explained

As HVAC professionals, understanding the quality of water used in our systems is crucial for efficiency and longevity. One important aspect of water quality is its hardness, specifically the concept of permanence in hardness.

What is Permanent Hardness?

Permanent hardness refers to the non-carbonate hardness of water that cannot be removed through precipitation reactions. Unlike temporary hardness, which can be addressed by methods such as boiling or the addition of lime, permanent hardness is often attributed to the presence of sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium.

Implications for HVAC Systems

The implications of high permanent hardness in water are significant for HVAC systems. It can lead to:

• Scaling: Over time, hard water can create scale build-up in pipes and heating elements, leading to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs.
• Reduced Heat Transfer: Scale acts as an insulator, hindering heat exchange and causing systems to work harder than necessary.
• Device Lifespan: Prolonged exposure to hard water can shorten the lifespan of boilers, chillers, and other equipment due to increased wear and tear.

Treatment Options

To mitigate the effects of permanent hardness, HVAC professionals can implement the following treatment options:

• Water Softening: Utilizing ion exchange systems to reduce calcium and magnesium levels.
• Reverse Osmosis: This process can effectively remove a wide range of impurities, including hardness-causing ions.
• Chemical Additives: Some chemicals can be introduced to inhibit scale formation and improve system efficiency.

Conclusion

As HVAC professionals, recognizing and addressing permanent hardness in water is essential for system efficiency, reliability, and longevity. By understanding its causes and implementing effective treatment strategies, you can ensure the optimal performance of HVAC systems and extend their operational lifespan.